project manager:
Alexander Gavrilovich Glotov
The project is aimed at solving the scientific problem of monitoring the circulation of pestiviruses, their genetic variability and interrelation with morbidity and lethality in animals, establishing the main risks of introduction of new genetic variants of the virus into the territory of the Russian Federation.
Pestiviruses are widespread and economically important pathogens of cattle and other animals: pestivirus A (formerly known as Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus 1, BVDV-1), pestivirus B (Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus 2, BVDV-2) and pestivirus H (HoBi-like Pestivirus, HoBiPeV) primarily infect cattle. Like other RNA viruses, pestiviruses are characterized by a high degree of genetic variability and diversity. This high level of variability is supported by the presence of a number of viral subgenotypes within each species. To date, pestiviruses A, B and H have been classified into at least 21 (1a-1u), three (2a-2c) and four (a - d) (6, 7) subgenotypes, respectively. Pestiviruses A, B and H are widely distributed worldwide, cause bovine viral diarrhea-bovine mucosal disease (BVD-MD of cattle) and cause significant damage to livestock production, making them economically important. In susceptible animals, viruses cause similar pathology, namely, acute infections with immunosuppression, enteritis, embryo resorption, abortion at all stages of pregnancy, congenital fetal malformations, stillbirth, birth of weak calves, infertility, respiratory pathology and mucous membrane disease.
According to literature data, economic losses from viral diarrhea are $88-200-687/animal depending on the regional characteristics and livestock management system. The average direct economic loss among seronegative cows in dairy herds is $199.50. Viruses are susceptible to mutations caused by errors in RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and recombination resulting in the formation of genetically distinct but closely related mutants (subtypes). In this regard, pathogenicity of the pathogens varies and has a "strain" dependence. This problem is very relevant for modern animal breeding all over the world, including the Russian Federation. In spite of the fact that in stationary unhealthy herds the infection has an enzootic character, a wide range of clinical manifestations of the disease in susceptible animals is possible in case of introduction of a new strain or emergence of a mutant directly in the herd. In addition, live virus vaccines contaminated during their production with non-cytopathogenic strains of pestiviruses may play a significant role in the spread of the pathogen.
To achieve these objectives, comprehensive field and laboratory research will be conducted to study the spread of the genetic variants of the virus and their impact on animal morbidity in farms.
The data obtained will make it possible in the future to predict the probability of disease outbreaks caused by other pestiviruses, including classical swine fever virus, to create effective vaccines and to study the pathways of pathogen spread.
Scientific novelty of the study consists in obtaining new data on the circulation of genetic variants of pestiviruses in livestock farms of the Russian Federation, identification of the main risks of introduction of the new genetic variants of pestiviruses into the territory of the Russian Federation.
In particular, the project aims at developing new topics for the research team, including the following aspects:
1) Development and validation of new approaches to detection and isolation of non-cytopathogenic biotype of bovine pestivirus in primary trypsinized cell cultures;
2) Refinement of the gene sequencing technique of Erns, E1 and E2 Pestivirus H.
3) Search and detection of the gene mutations among isolates and study of the spatial structure of the virus antigens.
Pestiviruses are widespread and economically important pathogens of cattle and other animals: pestivirus A (formerly known as Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus 1, BVDV-1), pestivirus B (Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus 2, BVDV-2) and pestivirus H (HoBi-like Pestivirus, HoBiPeV) primarily infect cattle. Like other RNA viruses, pestiviruses are characterized by a high degree of genetic variability and diversity. This high level of variability is supported by the presence of a number of viral subgenotypes within each species. To date, pestiviruses A, B and H have been classified into at least 21 (1a-1u), three (2a-2c) and four (a - d) (6, 7) subgenotypes, respectively. Pestiviruses A, B and H are widely distributed worldwide, cause bovine viral diarrhea-bovine mucosal disease (BVD-MD of cattle) and cause significant damage to livestock production, making them economically important. In susceptible animals, viruses cause similar pathology, namely, acute infections with immunosuppression, enteritis, embryo resorption, abortion at all stages of pregnancy, congenital fetal malformations, stillbirth, birth of weak calves, infertility, respiratory pathology and mucous membrane disease.
According to literature data, economic losses from viral diarrhea are $88-200-687/animal depending on the regional characteristics and livestock management system. The average direct economic loss among seronegative cows in dairy herds is $199.50. Viruses are susceptible to mutations caused by errors in RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and recombination resulting in the formation of genetically distinct but closely related mutants (subtypes). In this regard, pathogenicity of the pathogens varies and has a "strain" dependence. This problem is very relevant for modern animal breeding all over the world, including the Russian Federation. In spite of the fact that in stationary unhealthy herds the infection has an enzootic character, a wide range of clinical manifestations of the disease in susceptible animals is possible in case of introduction of a new strain or emergence of a mutant directly in the herd. In addition, live virus vaccines contaminated during their production with non-cytopathogenic strains of pestiviruses may play a significant role in the spread of the pathogen.
To achieve these objectives, comprehensive field and laboratory research will be conducted to study the spread of the genetic variants of the virus and their impact on animal morbidity in farms.
The data obtained will make it possible in the future to predict the probability of disease outbreaks caused by other pestiviruses, including classical swine fever virus, to create effective vaccines and to study the pathways of pathogen spread.
Scientific novelty of the study consists in obtaining new data on the circulation of genetic variants of pestiviruses in livestock farms of the Russian Federation, identification of the main risks of introduction of the new genetic variants of pestiviruses into the territory of the Russian Federation.
In particular, the project aims at developing new topics for the research team, including the following aspects:
1) Development and validation of new approaches to detection and isolation of non-cytopathogenic biotype of bovine pestivirus in primary trypsinized cell cultures;
2) Refinement of the gene sequencing technique of Erns, E1 and E2 Pestivirus H.
3) Search and detection of the gene mutations among isolates and study of the spatial structure of the virus antigens.
Investigators: Alexander Gavrilovich Glotov, 63, Doctor of Science in Veterinary Medicine, Head Researcher, SFSCA RAS, employment contract
Semenova Olga Vladimirovna, 39, Candidate of Science in Biology, Senior Researcher, SFSCA RAS, employment contract